What is asthma primarily characterized by?

Asthma is primarily characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways. This inflammation leads to a range of symptoms, including wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The inflammation makes the airways hyperresponsive to various triggers such as allergens, irritants, or respiratory infections, resulting in intermittent episodes of airway obstruction.

Chronic inflammation in asthma involves various immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, which can further contribute to airway hyperreactivity and increased mucus production. However, the fundamental characteristic of asthma is this underlying inflammation of the airways, which is crucial in understanding both the disease's pathophysiology and its management strategies.