What is a potential side effect of prolonged corticosteroid use?

Prolonged corticosteroid use can lead to osteoporosis, which is a condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. Corticosteroids affect bone remodeling by inhibiting the activity of osteoblasts (the cells responsible for bone formation) and promoting osteoclast activity (the cells responsible for bone resorption). Over time, this imbalance results in bone density loss.

Long-term use of corticosteroids can also interfere with the absorption of calcium and impair vitamin D metabolism, both of which are essential for maintaining healthy bone structure. As such, individuals on chronic corticosteroid therapy are encouraged to monitor bone health and may require preventative strategies, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation or bisphosphonates, to mitigate the risk of osteoporosis.

While weight gain, insomnia, and increased heart rate can be associated with corticosteroid use, osteoporosis is a more significant and specific concern related to chronic administration of these medications.