What impact does inflammation have on asthma?

Inflammation plays a central role in asthma by causing swelling and narrowing of the airways. When a person with asthma is exposed to triggers such as allergens, pollutants, or respiratory infections, their immune system responds with an inflammatory reaction. This process leads to the release of various inflammatory mediators, which increase the permeability of blood vessels, causing fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues. As a result, bronchial tissues swell, and mucus production increases, further narrowing the airways and making it more difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs.

This narrowing is a key feature of asthma and contributes to the characteristic symptoms, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Therefore, the impact of inflammation is critical to understanding asthma pathophysiology and managing the condition effectively.

In contrast, the effects mentioned in the other options do not align with the pathophysiological changes seen in asthma. For instance, inflammation does not lead to airway muscle relaxation; rather, it typically causes bronchoconstriction. It also does not directly contribute to oxygen absorption or prevent respiratory infections, as these functions are unrelated to the inflammatory processes characteristic of asthma.