What does the term "bronchoconstriction" refer to?

Bronchoconstriction specifically refers to the tightening of the muscles surrounding the airways, which leads to a narrowing of these passages. This physiological response can significantly impact airflow, making it more difficult for air to move into and out of the lungs. In the context of asthma, bronchoconstriction can be triggered by various factors such as allergens, irritants, or exercise, contributing to the symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

In contrast, increased mucus production relates to the accumulation of mucus in the airways, which can further obstruct airflow but is a different process from bronchoconstriction. The expansion of the airways refers to a widening or dilation of the bronchial passages, which is the opposite of what occurs during bronchoconstriction and is usually the goal of asthma medications. A decrease in airway sensitivity, on the other hand, would suggest that the airways are less reactive to triggers; this is not directly associated with the contraction of airway muscles that defines bronchoconstriction.