In the management of an asthma patient with wheezing and retractions, what should be the immediate next step of treatment?

Administering an inhaled short-acting β-agonist is the immediate next step in the management of an asthma patient experiencing wheezing and retractions. These medications act quickly to relieve bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, leading to bronchodilation. This rapid response is crucial in acute situations where the patient presents with significant respiratory distress.

Inhaled short-acting β-agonists are the cornerstone of immediate asthma symptom relief, as they can quickly improve airflow and reduce wheezing, making them particularly effective during exacerbations. By initiating this treatment first, healthcare providers can alleviate the acute symptoms, providing a more stable respiratory status before any additional medications, such as corticosteroids or oxygen, are considered for ongoing management.

While other treatments may be necessary for longer-term control or to address underlying inflammation, the focus in an acute situation is on the immediate relief of bronchoconstriction, which is best achieved with a short-acting β-agonist.